Genetic Disorders: An Overview

What are Genetic Disorders?

Genetic disorders are caused by abnormalities in an individual's genome, the complete set of genetic material inherited from both parents. Mutations, changes in the DNA sequence, can lead to genetic disorders by disrupting the function of genes or altering the structure of chromosomes.

Types of Genetic Disorders

There are four main types of genetic disorders, classified based on the underlying genetic defect:

• Single-gene disorders: Caused by mutations in a single gene, affecting specific inherited traits.
• Chromosomal disorders: Result from abnormalities in the structure or number of chromosomes, leading to developmental problems and health issues.
• Multifactorial disorders: Caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes.
• Mitochondrial disorders: Inherited through the mother, affecting the mitochondria in cells, which are responsible for energy production.